Boxer Rebellion

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had risen so greatly in China that the Empress Dowager
,ruler of China, believed that the secret societies could be the leaders in a military deportation of Europeans. This policy reached its crucial period in 1900 with the .
The Boxers, or “The Righteous and Harmonious Fists,” were a religious society that had originally rebelled against the imperial government in Shantung in 1898. They practiced an animistic magic of rituals and spells that they believed made them invulnerable to bullets and pain. The Boxers believed that the expulsion of foreign devils would magically renew Chinese society and begin a new golden age. Much of their discontent, however, was focused on the economic scarcity of the 1890’s. They were a passionate and confident group, full of contempt for authority and violent emotions.
In reality, the could hardly be classified as either a rebellion or a war against the Europeans. China was largely under control of regional Governors ...

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