Chemical Warfare And Its Uses

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and can therefore be a "first choice" when a country decides
to build up a capacity for chemical warfare.
Mustard agent was produced for the first time in 1822 but its
harmful effects were not discovered until 1860. Mustard agent was first
used as a CW agent during the latter part of the First World War and caused
lung and eye injuries to a very large number of soldiers. Many of them
still suffered pain 30-40 years after they had been exposed, mainly as a
result of injuries to the eyes and chronic respiratory disorders.
In its pure state, mustard agent is colorless and almost odorless.
The name was given to mustard agent as a result of an earlier production
method which yielded an impure mustard-smelling product. Mustard agent is
also claimed to have a characteristic smell similar to rotten onions.
However, the sense of smell is dulled after only a few breaths so that the
smell can no longer be distinguished. In addition, mustard agent can cause
injury to the respiratory ...

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caused by lewisite are similar to those caused by mustard agent.
However, the mechanism of action for lewisite is different. From
the diagnostic viewpoint, an important difference is that symptoms in
lewisite poisoning are not delayed and the irritating effect occurs
immediately. Skin damage is treated in the same way as after exposure to
mustard agent. A specific antidote (BAL, British Anti Lewisite,
dimercaptopropanol) gives good protection against local injuries to skin
and mucous membrane. BAL also has effect against systemic poisoning.
Hydrogen cyanide is usually included among the CW agents causing
general poisoning. There is no confirmed information on this ...

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