Circulation Systems Over China

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must exists. Therefore, for a close understanding of the circulation
system that operates over China, we should start from discussing the seasonal
pressure distribution at sea-level over the Asia-Pacific region, which is the
driving force for the air movements in China. Most clearly to be seen, the
largest difference in the atmospheric pressure occurs between winter and summer,
whereby January and July can be considered as representative months. In January,
a typical cold anticyclone with central pressure above 1,040 hectopascals (hPa)
developed over mid-Siberia and Mongolia (Mongolian High); while a strongly
established cyclone over the north-western Pacific Ocean (Aleutian Low). Since
both pressure systems practically lie in the same latitude of 50° to 55°N, a
steep pressure gradient occurs which produces strong and persistent north-
westerlies over Northeast China. A third pressure system which affects China,
although limited only to south-eastern China, is the equatorial ...

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easterlies over the
Northwest. In contrast with the Mongolian High in winter, the heat low in July
is quite thick. In 500-hPa level, the low pressure cell still exists, which is
about the highest level it could attain. Even the surface winds over the Tibet
Plateau in West China are governed by the heat low during the summer season.
During winter as a whole, January experiences the strongest anticyclonic
pressure field; whereas in summer, the circulation over China is predominated by
the heat low centred at the Indian-Pakistan region. Long term records indicates
that the period from June to September comprises the summer pattern, typified by
July. The period from October to May comprises ...

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