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Compare The Functions Of Each Structure In The Nephron In The Kidney With The Structure Of A Haemodialysis Machine - School Essays

Compare The Functions Of Each Structure In The Nephron In The Kidney With The Structure Of A Haemodialysis Machine

Compare the functions of each structure in the nephron in the kidney with the structure of a haemodialysis machine.

Discuss the effectiveness of haemodialysis in comparison to normal kidney function.

23rd November, 2012

Mark A. Gatt

The kidneys form part of the urinary system and their main function is to filter the blood from impurities and remove nitrogenous waste that can otherwise harm the organism. These wastes together with excess mineral ions and water are, at a later stage, expelled from the body as urine. Other important functions performed by the kidneys include, haemostasis of water, maintenance of the body's electrolyte balance, regulation of the blood's pH and ...

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UK, 2006:2).

The renal system is the main excretory system and consists of a pair of kidneys to secrete urine, two ureters that carry urine to the bladder, the urinary bladder which collects and temporarily stores the urine and the urethra expels the urine to the exterior. A kidney dissection reveals three distinct areas. These are the cortex, a reddish - brown layer situated around the medulla containing the renal pyramids. These lead to the major calyx in the renal pelvis which in turn leads to the ureter. A common structure residing in the cortex and the medulla is the nephron.


Fig. 1: Kidney and Nephron structure.


Each kidney consists of over one million nephrons that actively filter the blood. Each nephron comprises of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. Each section along the renal tubule has a specific name, structure and function. The renal artery supplies blood to the malphigian body consisting of the Bowman's capsule, also known as the Glomerular capsule, which ...

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Active transport is carried out at the epithelial membrane using energy to move substances against a concentration gradient. Marieb (2012) mentions that there are many carrier cells for substances that the body needs retained, but fewer carrier cells for substances not needed by the body. Glucose and amino acids are usually completely re-absorbed, while re-absorption of nitrogenous waste such as urea, uric acid and creatinine is limited. Re-absorption of water and mineral salts is regulated by the body's need at the time. Waugh (2010) suggests that only 60-70% of the filtrate reaches the Loop of Henle. The function of the Loop of Henle is to increase the salt content of the tissues in ...

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PAPER DETAILS
Added: 10/28/2015 02:48:22 PM
Submitted By: magatt
Category: Biology
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 1795
Pages: 7

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