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Differences And Similarities Of Liberalism - College Paper

Differences And Similarities Of Liberalism



The purpose of this paper is to treat the similarly and differences of
liberalism. I will use John Locke and Adam Smith to represent classical
liberals. John Stuart Mill and John Maynard Keynes will be used to show
contemporary liberals.

John Locke

In John Locke's Second Treatise of Government he develops a theory of
government as a product of a social contract, which when broken justifies the
creation of a new government for the protection of life, liberty and property.
He begins his argument by developing a theory of the state of nature which is

...what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of
perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their
...

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and carriage, has its value
only from the consent of men, whereof labour yet makes, in
great part, the measure, it is plain that men have agreed to a
disproportional and unequal possession of the earth.3

In Locke's state on nature there are also three distinct problems. First
there is no established settled known law. As each man consults his own law of
nature he receives a slightly different interpretation.
Secondly there no known and indifferent judge. Which creates the
problem of trying to decide which is the correct law of nature which will be
followed in an impartial manor.
Thirdly there is insufficient force of execution. This is the problem
of how to carry out the decision of the law of nature on another when he has a
different interpretation or doesn't consult the law of nature.
Locke states that the three problems in the state of nature would be
best solved by coming together to form a new government to protect ...

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is
that the people agree to form a body politic, in which the majority rule.
Second the body politic selects a government of the day. (elects people on a
regular basis to the government to legislate the law)
Locke laid out who should be allowed the right to vote, who shouldn't be
allowed to vote and gives his reason why.

...all men as members for the purposes of being ruled and only men
of estate as members for the prepossess of ruling. The right to
rule (more accurately, the right to control any government) is
given to the men of estate only: it is they who are given the
decisive voice about taxation, without which no government can
...

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PAPER DETAILS
Added: 7/23/2007 12:26:18 PM
Category: Miscellaneous
Type: Free Paper
Words: 1927
Pages: 8

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