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Dna 4 - College Paper

Dna 4

The molecule responsible for the transformation of characteristics form one generation to the next is called DNA. The genetic material, located in the chromosomes is a combination of acid and histones. DNA is made up of units called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of 3 components, a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. This base can be either adenine, guanine, thymine or cytosine.
There are 2 strands of nucleotides in a double-helix - they are anti-parallel, meaning they go in opposite directions. Double stranded DNA is located in the chromosome. DNA and proteins together make up chromatin which is foiled and coiled.
DNA makes an exact copy of ...

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is known as the DNA fork. The polymerase enzyme helps the nitrogenous base in a given nucleotide to pick up and attach to a complementary base at the 3' end of the DNA template. The 5'-3' strand of template is duplicated in short segments called Okazaki fragments. Ligase is the enzyme that joins the fragments together. The end product of this is an exact copy of the original DNA.
DNA must also be stable, but able to be changed. We know that DNA is stable because of the tightly wound, double helix ladder formation. Also the bonds that keep everything together are hydrogen bonds, one of the stronger bonds. We also know that DNA can be changed because during the replication process, DNA crosses over and reverses the order of the material. The base pairs can be altered during the crossing over process. This altering is what causes different characteristics in offspring.
DNA is complex enough to determine an organisms phenotype. Phenotype is determined by the combination and ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 6/12/2004 06:48:00 PM
Category: Science & Nature
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 598
Pages: 3

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