Family Violence and Child Abuse

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abuse is suggested to be multiple acts of aggression that includes shacking, beating, burning, kicking, biting, punching, or otherwise physically harming the child (Mash & Wolfe, 2010).
Emotional abuse includes continual acts or omissions by the parent or caregiver that could cause or have caused cognitive, emotional, serious behavioural, or mental disorder (Mash & Wolfe, 2010). According to Orton, children who are physically neglected and abused are emotionally abused to some extent. However, because psychological and emotional abuse leaves no physical marks on the child it often goes undetected. Some examples of emotional abuse / maltreatment include verbal abuse such as demeaning, denigrating the child, ridiculing and placing the child in situations of constant fear, terror or threat (Orton, 1996).
Sexual abuse is defined in Orton’s book by Kempe (1980, p198) as “the involvement of dependent, developmental immature children and adolescents in sexual activities they do not ...

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1996).
The predisposing factors of Browne’s ecological model of child maltreatment are the Individual, Familial, Social and Cultural factors. With regard to the individual predisposing factor, Brown suggests that it is the characteristics that the child-victim and the parent have as a result of their psychological and physical attributes and their unique life histories. The characteristics of the parent that is related to incidents of child maltreatment are poor self-esteem and self-concept, lack of parenting skills and or a lack of knowledge about child development, as well as a history of being abused as a child (Browne, 1988). Another individual predisposing factor is that there is ...

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