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Genetic Cloning ---- - Essay

Genetic Cloning ----


Genetic scientists have been busy creating all kinds of solutions to some of the problems that the human and agricultural populations have been experiencing. One of the most promising has been in the area of transplantation. That is how Dolly the sheep, came about. Scientists have been trying to find a way to genetically engineer animals so that they can produce organs for humans that will not be rejected. Insulin from pigs has helped diabetics, pig valves can be used in cardiac repair, and pig skin helps burn victims,why not organs next ?
Pig 23 was genetically altered to incorporate human genes, in hopes of preventing rejection after transplantation. Pigs have organs that are about the ...

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a complement inhibitor was developed as the gene was cloned, introduced into pigs whose cells produced this protein. Another thing discovered, was that the cells lining the pig vessels have a sugar molecules called alpha-galactose, and humans have lots of antibodies against alpha-gal. Some are thinking of knocking out the gene for alpha-gal and replacing it with the human gene for type O blood sugar. One other stumbling block may be the transferense of unknown virus's like the HIV virus, that was somehow transmitted from monkeys. Scientists are hoping that most virus's will not be viable in humans.
Tissue engineering is a promising new field and livers are being grown in sponges, in hopes of providing livers to those whose livers have failed.
Transgeneic production is providing large quantities of drugs at lower costs through the milk of female offspring. One product thay are looking at producing is human serum albumin(HSA). Another product is recombinant human antithrombin III (Rh ...

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the wealthy, like cosmetic surgery, if used to boost intelligence. Scientists have also found a way to track gene placement by using the technology available from fireflies. Luciferase is use as an indicator light to monitor gene therapy, and may be helpful in transferring healthy genes into people with cystic fibrosis.
On a molecular level, transgenic mouse models have been used to study the specific genes of the skin, and the goal has been to target transgene expression in defined cells in cutaneous epithelium. LacZ reporter transgenes were used to test two enhancer/promoter sequences for expression in the skin of adult mice. A CMV enhancer/CMV promoter is not active in most cell ...

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PAPER DETAILS
Added: 12/25/2008 03:58:54 AM
Category: Science & Nature
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 1390
Pages: 6

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