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Genetic Engineering - - Essay

Genetic Engineering -

Scientists are trying to figure out the entire three billion-letter human genome with high precision as a prelude to figuring out eventually what protein each gene produces and for what purpose. It all started in 1866 when Austrian botanist and monk Gregor Mendel proposed basic laws of heredity based on crossbreeding experiments with pea plants. His findings, published in a local natural-history journal, were largely ignored for more than thirty years. In 1910 U.S. biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiment with fruit flies reveal that some genetically determined traits are sex linked. His work also confirms that the genes determining these traits reside on chromosomes. It ...

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benefits to humans, but limits have to be set.
Our body contains one hundred trillion cells, inside most cells is a nucleus that contains a complete set of the body’s blueprints. Those blueprints are twisted into forty-six packets called chromosomes. Unravel a chromosome, and you get the long, thread-like molecule called DNA. Within the DNA are the blueprints, called genes, for which make proteins. The DNA molecule has a twisted, laddershaped structure (the famous double helix). The genetic code can be read in the rungs of the ladder. The code is spelled out by four chemicals: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). A pairs with T, and G pairs with C to form the ladder (Lemonick 46-47).
How Scientists Break the Code of Life
First a small fragment of DNA is cut out of a chromosome. That fragment is cloned to create millions of copies. Following that the fragments are divided into four special solutions, in which they begin to replicate. Each ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 1/24/2005 04:02:37 AM
Category: Science & Nature
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 980
Pages: 4

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