Into The Abyss Marquis De Sade
Marquis de Sade and the Enlightenment
We are no guiltier in following the primitive impulses that govern us than is the Nile for her flood or the sea for her waves" - La Mettrie
The eighteenth century embraced a secularized France in which the idea of utility, and not of salvation, were the principles by which one lived. Nature and reason in many ways replaced God. What this change left however, was a vacuum for the motive of morality in society. What would compel men to behave if not an omnipresent and all-powering God? The utilitarian idea that the greatest pleasure for the greatest good was able to reconcile the concept of a society questioning her religion but still looking to ...
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any country what is useful or harmful to society…Virtue is the habit of doing those things which please men, and vice the habit of doing those things which displease men." Consequentially, virtue and vice were not set in stone decrees, but rather arbitrary notions assigned to the whims of society. This idea left no universal law of good and evil. The right of the individual to pursue pleasure and his notions of right and wrong were secondary to his obligation to society. Voltaire explains, "To be good only for oneself is to be good for nothing."
Rousseau also argued that the ambition of the individual's particular desire be curbed to that of general societies. He writes, "The vices and virtues of each man are not relative to him alone. Their greatest relation is with society, and what they are in regard to the general order constitutes their essence and their character." Helvitius deemed that society could determine what was moral and immoral according to what suited it ...
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would be motivated to act in conformity with society, "We love virtue only for what selfish good it can bring us." This concept of enlightened self-interest reconciled the idea of utility and nature, acting in one's own self-interests, and therefore the greater good of society.
The concept of enlightened self-interest, of selfless selfishness, was bound, however, to be attacked. Rousseau articulates his disagreement, "What is useful to the public is scarcely ever introduced except by force, since private interests are always almost opposed to it." Rousseau argued, quite convincingly, that the individual desires of man usually conflicted with that of society, yet, one was still ...
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"Into The Abyss Marquis De Sade." Essayworld.com. March 8, 2007. Accessed December 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Into-The-Abyss-Marquis-De-Sade/61428.
"Into The Abyss Marquis De Sade." Essayworld.com. March 8, 2007. Accessed December 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Into-The-Abyss-Marquis-De-Sade/61428.
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