Marx's Philosophical Writings: Alienation

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Marx sees material alienation as the cause of social or
psychological alienation. Material alienation he said is caused by the
existence of private property. Private property came into existence
through the (unequal) division of labor. Division of labor, therefore, is
the central idea on which Marx bases his arguments concerning the eventual
(inevitable) outcome of alienated labor.

Division of labor, in which the contradictions between the forces
of production, the state of society, and consciousness are implicit because
of the separation between intellectual and physical activity , according to
Marx, began with the family. Marx sees the source of the division of labor
as a result of the "natural division of labor in the family and the
separation of society into individual families opposed to one another..."
According to Marx,

The family, which to begin with is the only social relationship,
becomes later, when increased needs create new social ...

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