Psychoanalytic Approaches To P
ersonality
The area of psychology with perhaps the most controversial history, due to it’s complete
lacking of empirical evidence, psychoanalysis, has it’s origins in the teachings of Sigmund
Freud. Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy developed by Freud in the early 1900’s,
involving intense examinations into one’s childhood, thought to be the origins of most
psychopathology which surfaced during adulthood. Ideas about the subconscious, which
saw the human mind as being in continuous internal conflict with itself, and theories that all
actions are symbolic, for “there are no accidents”, were also major themes of the
psychoanalytic approach. Successful therapy was a long-term and costly ...
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both sexes) instinctual, primitive, and hedonistic urges for
pure pleasure, which the id was bent on experiencing, without regard to any consequences.
The super-ego is man’s senses of morality, first brought on by experiences with authoritative
figures and parents, which basically hold ideas of what is right and wrong, and is almost a
direct paradox to the id. The ego, which can be seen as the mediator between the id and the
super-ego, takes into account the activities of the external world, and attempts to invoke
some balance among all three parts of the mind, with failure resulting in neurosis of some
kind.
Freud’s “Lecture III” provides, what I believe to be another important theory in
understanding personality from this perspective, stemming from his notion of parapraxes, or
unintentional acts that are actually unconsciously intentional. Such is the case with the
familiar “Freudian slip”, where something is said which is actually a distortion or paradox of
...
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is Carl Jung, who found
Freud’s over-emphasis of sex and relegation of the ideas of a collective unconscious to a
level of small importance, to be erroneous in thought. Jung claimed there were two innate
psychological types, or categories, which people can be placed in: introverts and extroverts.
Extroverts, according to Jung, behave in a manner which they feel would produce approval
from the social crowd, and are more likely to experience positive emotion that introverts.
Unlike extroverts, whose actions are highly motivated by external factors, introverts tend to
act on their own beliefs and internal motives. Both introversion and extroversion are
...
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