Should The U.S. Focus On Peacekeeping Around the World or National Security

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an international intervention, is for local institutions of public security policemen, judges, and jailers to begin functioning. Most military officers have been in unknown territory when dealing with these matters, particularly when thrown into this complex task with a host of other international actors with whom they are largely alien (for example, relief workers, human rights monitors, election supervisors, and police trainers).

Much of the early learning was on the job. Historically, conflict between states has been a biggest source of concern for soldiers and statesmen. During the post-Cold War period, however, it has been rebellious conditions within the sovereign state that have repeatedly posed the most keen and intractable challenges to international order. Some notable internal conflicts that attracted international attention since 1989 had been aggravate by superpower rivalry (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Namibia, Angola, Mozambique, Cambodia). More recently, however, the ...

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operations were not "invented" by the United Nations during the Cold War; they have slowly evolved since the 19th century out of colonial interventions, counterinsurgencies, occupation duties, and military assistance to civil administration, frontier operations, and multinational operations. Some of these missions, because of their royally or hegemonic context, differed considerably from peace operations as we recognize them today. All these activities, however, did aim at maintaining (or re-establishing) a stable environment. Consequently, most of these missions, especially counterinsurgencies and occupation duties, contained elements of civilian administration and policing. The U.S. ...

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