Textile Waste Effluents

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high COD content of over 10,000 mg/l and can contribute considerably to overall COD content of the textile waste effluents.

The normal dyeing operations of a textile plant are such that the dye used varies from day to day and sometimes even several times a day, primarily because of the batch wise nature of the dyeing process. Dye changes cause considerable variation in the waste characteristics, particularly pH. A large pH swing is especially troublesome primarily because the pH tolerance of conventional biological and chemical treatment systems is very limited. Hence without proper pH control, normal operation of these treatments is essentially impossible. Along with the high pH variation, the textile waste effluents also have a relatively high temperature. In several steps of the dyeing operation, hot rinse waters of up to 90°C are used, resulting in a final effluent temperature between 35 and 40°C.

Wastewater from dye houses can have strong impacts on the aquatic ...

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of light or oxidizing agents. Textile manufacturing is one of the largest industrial producers of wastewater containing processing bath residues from preparation, dyeing, finishing, slashing and other operations. These residues may cause severe pollution if not properly treated before discharge to the receiving waterways [1 - 3]. Dyes and auxiliary chemicals used in textile mills are improved to be resistant to environmental influences for better performance, thus it is hard to remove them from wastewater [1,2]. These chemicals generally include color residues, heavy metal ions, and electrolytes in dyeing wastewater, and toxic air emissions from discharged wastewater. Moreover, textile ...

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