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Thinking Critically With Psychological Science - Online Term Paper

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Module 2: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Mr. Davis

Objective 1:

* Hindsight Bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it; also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon; associated with psychologists Paul Slovic and Baruch Fischhoff.

Objective 2:

* Everyday thinking is limited by our human tendency towards overconfidence (thinking we know more than we really do).

* Robert Vallone tested his students' prediction skills. They felt 84 percent confident in making various predictions about the year, but in the end were correct only 74 percent of the time.

* Ohio State University psychologist Philip Tetlock ...

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prophet was to test him/ her. If his/ her predicted event doesn't occur, sucks for them.

* James Randi uses Moses's wisdom and exemplifies skepticism. He's tested and debunked a variety of psychic phenomena. For example, he asks someone who can see "auras" above people's heads to find people behind walls.

* Scientists believe in curious skepticism, being skeptical but not cynical, being open but not gullible, and always asking for evidence, constantly questioning, "What do you mean? How do you know?"

* Copernicus and Newton's religious convictions made them humble before nature and skeptical of mere human authority.

* Critical Thinking thinking does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions; rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

Objective 4:

* Theory an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations; simplifies and summarizes.

* ...

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our concerns lie less with particular behaviors than with the general principles that help explain many behaviors.

Objective 6:

* Culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

* Even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary across cultures, as they often do, the underlying processes are much the same.

* Psychologically as well as biologically, women and men are overwhelmingly similar. Culture further bends the genders.

Objective 7:

* Psychologists study animals both because they're fascinating and because they teach us more about humans. Animal experiments ...

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PAPER DETAILS
Added: 9/13/2012 05:18:29 PM
Submitted By: serendipity1098
Category: Psychology
Type: Free Paper
Words: 2137
Pages: 8

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