Cloning Today

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eggs. The nuclei containing the
original parents’ genetic information had been destroyed with ultraviolet light.
When the eggs were incubated, Gurdon discovered that only 1% to 2% of the eggs
had developed into fertile adult toads. The first successful cloning of mammal
was achieved nearly twenty years later. Scientists from Switzerland and the U.S.
successfully cloned mice using a method similar to Gurdon’s, but required one
extra step. After the nucleus was taken from the embryos of one type of mouse,
they were transferred into the embryos of another mouse who served as the
surrogate mother. This mouse went through the birthing process to create the
cloned mice. The cloning of cattle was achieved in 1988, when embryos from prize
cows were transplanted to unfertilized cow eggs whose own nuclei had been
removed. In 1993 the first human embryos were cloned using a technique that
placed individual embryonic cells (blastomeres) in a nutrient culture where the
cells then divided into 48 ...

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