Evironmental Law: Enforcement Measures And Effectiveness

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Act, and the Department of the Environment Act." (
Muldon, 1995, p. 23) The CEPA contains important penalties and sanctions;
provisions for the collection of information and for evaluation; provisions for
the control of importation and exportation of toxic substances; and provisions
for the reduction of wastes, the cleanup of coastal zones, the protection of the
ozone layer; the reduction of acid rain and urban smog; and provisions for the
development of regulations. All provinces and territories have enacted their
own legislation, establishing general environmental rights and responsibilities;
but the level of environmental protection established is not equal all across
Canada. Generally, it can be said that each province and territory regulates the
discharge of contaminants into the environment by requiring licenses and permits
and by invoking penalties. The regulated matters include environmental impact
assessment, waste management, drinkable water standards, and land ...

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The new rights and
responsibilities in the legislation require politicians, policy makers, lawyers,
activists, and citizens to rethink and modify their usual ways of looking at
environmental problems. It is hoped that the EBR will promote positive
strategies such as waste reduction, energy and water conservation, and "green"
industry development. (Muldon, 1995, p.16) Finally, there are also many
specific laws dealing with specific industries. Such as the Pesticides Act, The
Ontario Water Resource Act, the Energy Efficiency Act etc.
What happens to polluters who break these laws ? In Ontario most
environmental offenders break the laws outlined in the EPA. When they do, ...

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