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Gallium - Essay

Gallium

The Periodic Table

‘The nineteenth century was a golden age for the discovery of elements [1]’. This was when scientist began to look for patterns and behaviours of elements. The early periodic table was arranged by the elements relative atomic mass rather than atomic number, which is now seen in the modern periodic table. Johann Dobereiner was the first to attempt to classify elements using their RAM (relative atomic mass). He identified that in a set of three elements (then known) in a group have similar properties (e.g. Cl, Sr and Ba [1]). He calculated that the RAM of the middle element is approximately the average of the other two elements (this was before the discovery of ...

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The discovery of gallium by the French scientist, Paul. E. L. de Boisbaudran supported Mendeleev’s ideas about the periodic table because gallium fitted into one of the gaps he had left for undiscovered elements. Mendeleev called gallium eka-aluminium (see table on next page) before it was discovered, as it was one element below aluminium in his periodic table. He even predicted its chemical and physical properties. This then gave a big boost to Mendeleev's idea of the periodic table.

eka-aluminium (Ea)

Gallium (Ga)

Atomic number

About 68

69.72

Density of solid

6.0

5.904

Melting point

low

29.78ºC

Method of discovery

Probably from its spectrum

Spectroscopically

Oxide

Formula: Ea2O3

Density: 5.5 g cm-3

Formula: Ga2O3

Density: 5.88 g cm-3

chloride

Volatile

Volatile

Table showing Mendeleev’s predictions with properties of element 31, gallium [2]

The ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 4/19/2011 01:49:34 PM
Submitted By: bem5
Category: Science & Nature
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 1131
Pages: 5

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