Illinois Vs. Caballes

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a routine traffic stop into a drug investigation. The State of Illinois appealed.

The U.S. Supreme Court examined the narrow question of whether the Fourth Amendment requires traffic stop. The Court noted that official conduct that does not compromise any legimate interest in privacy is not a search subject to the Fourth Amendment. However, it has been held that any interest in possessing contraband cannot be deemed " Legimate". Therefore, governmental conduct that only reveals the possession of contraband compromises no legitimate privacy interest. The Court further noted that in this case, the dog sniff was performed on the exterior of respondent's car while he was lawfully seized for a traffic violation. Any intrusion on respondent's privacy expectation did not violate the Fourth Amendment because it did not rise to the level of a constitutionally cognizable infringement. Thus, the Court determined that the use of a well-trained narcotics detection dog, generally does not ...

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