Warning: Use of undefined constant referer - assumed 'referer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays on line 102

Warning: Use of undefined constant host - assumed 'host' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays on line 105

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays:102) in /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays on line 106

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays:102) in /usr/home/essaywo/public_html/essays on line 109
Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force - Paper

Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force

1. METABOLIC COST OF GENERATING FORCE
Summary
Similarly sized bipeds and quadrupeds use nearly the same amount of metabolic energy to run, despite dramatic differences in morphology and running mechanics. It has been shown that the rate of metabolic energy use in quadrupedal runners and bipedal hoppers can be predicted from just body weight and time available to generate force as indicated by the foot ground contact. We tested whether this link between running mechanics and energetics also applied to running bipeds. We measured rates of energy consumption and times of foot contact for humans (mean body mass 78.88kg) and five species of bird mean body mass 0.13-40.1 kg). We find that most ...

Want to read the rest of this paper?
Join Essayworld today to view this entire essay
and over 50,000 other term papers

These results support the idea that the costs of muscular force production determines the energy cost of running and suggest that bipedal runners use more energy for a given rate of force production because they require a greater volume of muscle to support their body weight.
Key words: locomotion, energetics, bipedal, bird, muscle force.

Introduction

The question of wither more energy is required to run on two or four legs was addressed 100 years ago when Zuntz (1897) performed some of the first measurements of metabolic energy consumption in running animals. He found that horses used less energy than humans to move a unit body weight a unit distance, and he speculated that there might be an energetic benefit to moving on four legs rather than two. However, subsequent measurements of oxygen consumption in running dogs showed that these quadrupeds use more energy per unit body mass to move a given distance than both humans and horses.

Zuntz (1987) noticed that ...

Get instant access to over 50,000 essays.
Write better papers. Get better grades.

Already a member? Login

CITE THIS PAGE:

APA
MLA
Chicago
Turabian

Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force. (2007, July 14). Retrieved November 15, 2024, from http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Metabolic-Costs-Of-Generating-Force/67974

"Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force." Essayworld.com. Essayworld.com, 14 Jul. 2007. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. <http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Metabolic-Costs-Of-Generating-Force/67974>

"Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force." Essayworld.com. July 14, 2007. Accessed November 15, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Metabolic-Costs-Of-Generating-Force/67974.

JOIN NOW

Join today and get instant access to this and 50,000+ other essays

PAPER DETAILS

Added: 7/14/2007 01:32:10 AM
Category: Science & Nature
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 501
Pages: 2

Save |

Report

SHARE THIS PAPER

SAVED ESSAYS

Save and find your favorite essays easier