Natural Language Processing

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Crevier, 1994, page 9):
"I believe that in about fifty years' time it will be possible to
program computers .... to make them play the imitation game so well that an
average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent chance of making the
right identification after five minutes of questioning."
But in 1950, the current computer technology was limited. Because of
these limitations, NLP programs of that day focused on exploiting the strengths
the computers did have. For example, a program called SYNTHEX tried to determine
the meaning of sentences by looking up each word in its encyclopedia. Another
early approach was Noam Chomsky's at MIT. He believed that language could be
analyzed without any reference to semantics or pragmatics, just by simply
looking at the syntax. Both of these techniques did not work. Scientists
realized that their Artificial Intelligence programs did not think like people
do and since people are much more intelligent than those programs they ...

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in a
row." It's like ticktacktoe, except you need rows of five exes or noughts to win.
It's also played on an unbounded board; ordinary coordinate will do. The program
used a ridiculously simple strategy with no look ahead, but it could beat anyone
who played at the same naive level. Since most people had never played the game
before, that included just about everybody. Significantly, the paper was
entitled: "How to Make a Computer Appear Intelligent" with appear emphasized. In
a way, that was a forerunner to my later ELIZA, to establish my status as a
charlatan or con man. But the other side of the coin was that I freely started
it. The idea was to create the powerful illusion that ...

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