Network Administration and Security

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memberships as well as other information. The main benefit of using netstat is to keep up to date with the network activity and configuration in order to make sure the performance of the network is optimized.
By default netstat will display a list of open sockets. If no address families are specified then the active socket of all configured address families will be printed.
It is important as a system administrator ensure that network utilization is a priority. Therefore the command netstat -i is useful command which will display a table of all network interfaces unless specified. It shows the state of all network interfaces configured to the system that are used for tcp/ip traffic.

For example

% netstat -i
Name Mtu NetworkAddress Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll
ln0 1500 DLI none 15801688 0 7091305 1471 390544
ln0 1500 08:00:2b:35:b3:94 15801688 0 7091305 1471 390544
fta0 ...

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in from disk (kB/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (kB/s).

IO;
bi: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).

System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.

These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: user time
sy: system time
id: idle time

For example, if a system has been slowed down with a problem of some sort such as a bottleneck at its most peak use time, it would be the job of the system administrator to locate where the problem lies. So you would use the vmstat command which would be used with a time delay to give a good reflection of ...

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