Phobias and Addictions
Phobias and Addiction
Rachael Thomas
PSY/300
January 26, 2014
Professor Chung
Phobias and Addiction
Webster Dictionary defines phobia as "a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to compelling desire to avoid it" ("PHOBIA," n.d) Whereas Addiction is defined as "the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or something that is psychologically or physical habit-forming, as narcotics, to such extent its cessation causes severe trauma" ("addiciton," n.d). So can a phobia be classical condition or an addiction be operant conditioned into existence? Some scientists believe that it can, but then the question is what is operant and ...
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on dogs and conditioning them to salivate by hearing a bell or a fork being pinged. Basically he would give dogs food after the bell rang. So after a couple tries he would then noticed that the dogs would salivate even without food present if they heard the bell.
Another example of classical conditioning was John Watson and Rosalie Rayner experiment in 1920. Their experiment consisted of a little Albert who was a baby and a well lite photo darkroom. Though the experiment was unethical Watson and his colleague wanted to test to see if they could get a well-adjusted, happy baby to fear something through conditioning them. So Watson had a white rat, a rabbit, a fur coat, a dog, and a Santa mask. After about two weeks of letting little Albert play with the animals, he took the white rat and paired it with a loud noise.
Which was him hitting a steer bar, after a couple of pairings Albert associated the rat with fear. Watson took it a step further to see if it was in fact the ...
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association refers to the pairing of anxiety symptoms [HYPERLINK: http://www.communitycounselingservices.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=38478&cn=1] with a neutral stimulus. A neutral stimulus can be any situation, event, or object that is does not ordinarily elicit a fearful response" (Dombeck, M, & Zupanick, C.E., n.d).
In the example giving in the article a women at a grocery store had learn to pair the store with an uncued panic attack. In this example they explain that the panic attack can happen because of some stressor, be it that the women just lost her job or something else (Dombeck, M & Zupanick, C.E, n.d). It also states that the initial panic attack is outside her ...
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"Phobias and Addictions." Essayworld.com. April 13, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Phobias-and-Addictions/103939.
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