Political Parties

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and North America in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when elected legislatures became a dominant force in government.
In the earliest decades in which existed, their memberships were quite small. In the United States and England, for example, most citizens were not allowed to vote. Party membership, therefore, consisted mainly of landowners, members of the nobility, factory owners, merchants, and other wealthy individuals By the third decade of the 19th century in the United States, and somewhat later in Europe, the right to vote was extended to include most white males. When more people could vote, party memberships increased. By the middle of the 20th century, after women had gained the right to vote in most nations, became more dependent upon mass support.
In the 20th century have spread throughout the world, largely in imitation of Europe and North America. Large parties have arisen throughout Africa. Many of these have a base of support in ethnic or tribal groups. In ...

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policymaker. This cannot happen in the United States because of the constitutional separation of powers. A president cannot serve in Congress while in office. It is therefore possible for the presidency and the Congress to be controlled by different parties, a situation that cannot occur in Britain. This control of the Congress by one party and the presidency by another has generally been the rule instead of the exception since World War II. The disadvantage of the American system is the deadlock that can develop between the president and the Congress over policy when each is in the control of a different party. s

Historical background.

Electoral politics in the United States has been ...

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