Affirmative Action

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but no

person had the means to address it as a problem, or fight to end it. It wasn't until 1862 that

a political figure formally acknowledged the problem.

The Emancipation Proclamation was addressed by president Abraham Lincoln in

1862. It was enforced in the beginning of the following year, stating "all persons held as

slaves within any state or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in

rebellion of the United States shall be then henceforth and forever free; and the executive

government of the United States, including the military and naval authority there of will

recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act to repress such

persons or any of them, in any efforts they may take for their actual freedom." But this

proclamation did little for most African-Americans held in bordering states fighting on the

Union side in the Civil War, or other slaves held in the south under Union control. Later ...

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women who wished to fight for equality between the sexes. They held "a convention to

discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman." The convention met

regularly to convey their thoughts about the limitations placed on women under America's

new democracy. The convention continued from 1848 until the beginning of the Civil War

in 1850.

After the Civil War, the country was going through a reconstruction period with the

industrialization of the south and the installation of the railroad. Slavery was abolished, but

the discrimination remained. In 1866 the Republican majority passed the 14th Amendment

providing citizens equal ...

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