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B Cells And T Cells - College Essays

B Cells And T Cells

The graph shows the response of the human immune system to the exposure of an antigen in two phases. The first phase is that of a primary response to the initial attack. The second response is very rapid, subsequent to attacks from the same antigen. The specificity of this system relies heavily on two groups of cells: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
In period I, the antigen is injected at zero days. This is where the antigen will attach itself to a macrophage. By forty days however, the B cells have made antibodies to protect the body from this foreign substance. Antibodies are complex globular proteins also known as immunoglobulins. They make precise three-dimensional ...

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live for long periods of time (up to a lifetime), compared to a plasma cell that lives only a few days. Memory cells are made so they can recognize this same antigen if it were to ever reenter the body again.
Interactions between T cells are also known as the cell-mediated response. T cells are not just active against viruses and bacteria, but they also interact with eukaryotic cells. There are three types of T cells: helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and cytotoxic T cells. The T cell receptor (helper T cells) recognizes foreign antigens displayed on the surface of the body’s own cells. When the cytotoxic T cell encounters this, it differentiates into active cells that attack and lyse the infected cells. They also release powerful chemicals known as “killer cells.”
In period II, the antigen is again injected, however the memory cells recognize it and they immediately begin to produce antibodies, preventing further multiplication of the pathogen. This rapid response of ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 6/7/2006 04:11:13 PM
Category: Health & Medicine
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 531
Pages: 2

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