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Phobia - Papers

Phobia

Fear of heights, fear of the number “13,” fear of spiders, fear of small spaces. All of these fears are considered s. While there are many causes of s, one theory uses the notion of preparedness in Pavlovian conditioning. This is a way in which people learn to react to certain stimuli.
Scientist and abehaviorist, Pavlov, first discovered this conditioning while experimenting with dogs. He could reliably predict that dogs would salivate when food was placed in the mouth through a reflex called the “salivary reflex” in digestion. Yet he soon realized that, after time, the salivary reflex occurred even before the food was offered. What Pavlov discovered was first order conditioning. In ...

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has to be learned, the response is now a conditioned response and the neutral stimulus is now a conditioned stimulus. Hence, certain individuals are more equipped to learn some things easier than others are. This ability is known as preparedness. In Pavlov’s experiment the tone was the neutral stimulus that was associated with the unconditioned stimulus of food. The unconditioned response of salivation became a conditioned response to the newly conditioned stimulus of the tone.
Considering the two s: fear of the number “13” and fear of heights, the latter is most likely to have been produced by Pavlovian conditioning. This is due to the fact that more people are likely to have obtained preparedness to be afraid of this. There are numerous stories and movies that contribute to this irrational fear. Hence, people are more willing to accept the conditioning and become afraid of high places. This would not be hard to condition into anyone, since it is so commonly feared. Also, ...

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Added: 9/23/2007 08:59:25 AM
Category: Miscellaneous
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 517
Pages: 2

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