Roots Of Russian Revolution

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the
rich and the poorer continued to widen. Over five hundred peasant revolts
took place during his reign.

Alexander II, who took the throne in 1855 tried to avert revolt by
attempting reform. In 1861 he freed the serfs and gave them expectations
of free land allotments. But to their surprise, and anger, they were only
given the opportunity to share it as members of a village commune(mir). In
addition, the mir had to pay back the government for the land over a period
of 49 years with interest. Alexander also formed a series of elected local
councils that gave districts restricted jurisdiction of certain aspects of
life. He too became more of a reactionary towards the end of his reign.
The result was his assassination by a group of conspirators called the
People's Will movement. The next Czar, Alexander III, was yet another
reactionary. He was active in silencing criticism of the government,
exiling agitators, and stamping out revolutionary groups.

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