The Cold War
Introduction
When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, a
new war was just beginning. : denoting the open yet restricted
rivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union and
their respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, and
propaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because of
fear of a nuclear holocaust.1 This term, The Cold War, was first used by
presidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947.
Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by the
Soviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and ...
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today I will show you how these
agencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk about
some of their tools of the trade.
Origin of the CIA and KGB
The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations during
World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need to
coordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In
1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office of
Strategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments made
up the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each of
these departments directed an array of sections known as 'operation groups'.
This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved in the
federal administration at this time. This included the director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not like
competition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death of
Roosevelt in April of 1945, ...
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by the name of Klaus Fuchs, a German
communist who fled Hitler's purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicist
earned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information to
the Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Also
passing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in
the United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first who
believed in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclear
weapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there would
be no ssible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists as
Andrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for ...
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The Cold War. (2006, November 13). Retrieved December 23, 2024, from http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/55500
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. Essayworld.com, 13 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 Dec. 2024. <http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/55500>
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. November 13, 2006. Accessed December 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/55500.
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. November 13, 2006. Accessed December 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/55500.
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