Diffraction And The Debye-Scherrer Camera

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and f is the phase constant
or phase angle and has units of radians per second.

The phase constant determines the position of the particle at time t = 0. The quantity (wt+ f) is called the phase. The above function x repeats itself whenever wt = n2p where n is an integer. The period T of the motion is the time it takes for the motion to complete one revolution or cycle. The unit for the period T is seconds. Since the function repeats itself every period T for any time t and it has already been written that we know that wt = 2p when the function x repeats itself
wt + f + 2p = w(t+T) + f
so wT = 2p
so
T = 2p/w

The frequency of the motion is the number of waves that pass a point a specific time or the number of oscillations or cycles the particle makes in a given time. The unit for the frequency is Hertz , cycles/s, or reciprocal seconds s-1. So
F = 1/T = w/2p so w = 2pf = 2p/T
Differentiating it is possible to obtain the equation for the speed of the particle ...

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will always differ from the speed of light in a medium. The speed of light is a constant; one can always count on it being 3.00 X 108 m/s in a vacuum. However light waves come in a variety of wavelengths and frequencies. The shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies are those of gamma rays which are high-energy light waves. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and the lowest frequencies of the light waves. Special attention will be gven to sinusoidal waves.
Sinusoidal waves have the basic sine function shape. The vertical displacement of sinusoidal waves is given by
y = Asin(2px/l) where x is the displacement and l is the wavelength.
Two other useful quantities used to ...

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