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Down Syndrome - College Paper

Down Syndrome

In one in every one thousand births, an extra chromosome results in the birth of a baby with Down's Syndrome; a genetic disorder resulting in mental retardation.
In 1866, physician John Langdon Down, in Surrey England, identified a set of children with common features of mental retardation. Down was first to identify a similar link of symptoms in many patients. Thus, the new disorder was named "Down's Syndrome". Though it wasn't until 1959, that Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs, speculated that Down's syndrome was caused by chromosomal abnormalities. They traced the disorder to the exact effected chromosome. Lejeune and Jacobs constructed phenotype and genotype maps of afflicted ...

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pair resulting from an anomaly in cell division during the development of egg or sperm during fertilization. About 95% of Down's syndrome births are Type Trisomy 21.
Roughly 4% are caused by Translocation, "where the extra chromosome twenty one is broken off and becomes attached to another chromosome pair.
The last 1% have Mosaicism, where only some cells of the chromosome have extra genetic material.
With the different types of Down's the degree of retardation ranges from mild to sever. Alleles don't effect every patient in the same way, and therefore different effects of the disease are presented in each case.
Patients with Down's Syndrome can lead almost normal lives and be just as healthy as other children; but Down's has no cure, and therefore symptoms remain through the entire course of a patient's life. Even with low to moderate levels of retardation rarely do patients live past 40. Many are very healthy, but often Down's is accompanied by other medical problems. Patients ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 10/20/2007 03:45:23 PM
Category: Health & Medicine
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 822
Pages: 3

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