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Tobacco - Online Term Paper

Tobacco

is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States. Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the plant, is a potent chemical that has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. Prenatal exposure to nicotine is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including altered neural structure and functioning, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems in the offspring (9). At least 20% - 30% of pregnant women are estimated to smoke cigarettes, although smoking is associated with low birth weight, prematurity and infant mortality. In the United States, smoking accounts annually for estimated fetal deaths ranging from ...

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functioning, including reductions in uptake of serotonin, alterations in dopaminergic systems, alterations in peripheral and central noradrenergic neurons, and changes in DNA and RNA synthesis in the brain (9). Children prenatally exposed to nicotine consistently score lower in the two subcategories of expressive language and conceptual comprehension.
Evidence from studies of human neonates suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased rates of neurobehavioral difficulties. Several studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy with childhood inattention, impulsivity, and motor hyperactivity in offspring. Similarly, maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with parent-teacher ratings of conduct problems in children and a criminal record in young adults. A study by Yousef Tzabi suggested that cigarette smoking during pregnancy may be one of the causes of hyperactivity and learning deficits in children. In a laboratory study with ...

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Tobacco. (2008, June 24). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Tobacco/85773

"Tobacco." Essayworld.com. Essayworld.com, 24 Jun. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2024. <http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Tobacco/85773>

"Tobacco." Essayworld.com. June 24, 2008. Accessed November 23, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/Tobacco/85773.

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 6/24/2008 11:44:32 PM
Category: Health & Medicine
Type: Free Paper
Words: 1165
Pages: 5

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